ABSTRACT
Objective To study the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of flavonoids extracted from Apocynum venetum leaves (AVL -extracts)in rat depression model.Methods The rats were randomly divided into seven parts including the control group,depression model group,low dose AVL-extracts prevention group (40 mg/kg),high dose AVL-extracts prevention group (80 mg/kg),low dose AVL-extracts treatment group (40 mg/kg),high dose AVL-extracts treatment group (80 mg/kg ) and fluoxetine treatment group, respectively. The rat depression model was established by the method of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS ).The open field test was used to evaluate the autonomic activities.The relative expression levels of S1 00A1 0 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR.Results The open field activities decreased significantly in the depression model group including horizontal movements and vertical movements with comparison to the normal group (P <0. 05 ).The autonomic activities increased significantly after preventive administration of high dose AVL-extracts (P<0. 05 ).The antidepressant effect of AVL-extracts was similar to that of fluoxetine in increasing the autonomic activities.The S1 00A1 0 mRNA expressed in the depressive group were higher than in the control group (P<0. 05 ),and the expression levels were significantly decreased after fluoxetine and AVL-extracts administration (P <0. 05 ).The high dose AVL -extracts administration group and fluoxetine group showed no significant difference in the expression levels of S1 00A1 0 mRNA when compared to the control group (P>0. 05 ),whereas the levels of those in low dose AVL-extracts administration groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05 ).Conclusion The study suggests that AVL -extracts have antidepressant effects on rat depression model.The underling mechanism of AVL-extracts antidepressant effect may be associated with regulation of S1 00A1 0 mRNA expression.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the distribution of different hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the clinical laboratory examination outcomes and pathological characteristics of CHB and HCC by infection with different HBV genotypes. Methods: Totally 89 patients with CHB and 86 patients with HCC were randomly chosen for this study. HBV genotypes were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) combined with double immunofluorescence staining TaqMan MGB probes. The general information and the laboratory and pathological data of patients were obtained by reviewing of the clinical documentation of patients. Statistical software SPSS10.0 was used to for statistical analyses. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: HBV B was dominant in the CHB patients in our group, accounting for 78.65%; the mixed B and C type accounted for 3.37%. HCC patients in our group were dominated by C type (70.93%). There were no other genotypes other than B and C in our group, and there was significant different between their frequency in our group (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the clinical experimental and pathological parameters in CHB patients with different HBV subtypes. In HCC patients, those with genotype C had higher positive rate of HBV e antigen than those with genotype B(P<0.05). HCC patients infected with HBV genotype B had larger turner size (P<0.05). No associations were found between HBV genotypes with TNM stage, vascular invasion, or metastasis. Conclusion: Patients with CHB are dominantly infected with genotype B in our group. HBV genotype C and positive HBV e antigen are risk factors of HCC. Antiviral therapy and promoting e antigen seroconversion may reduce the incidence of HCC. HBV genotype B might be associated with larger tumor size.